…where n equals how many variables you had. The Degree of Freedom (Df) is a number representing how much variation there is involved in the research. If he chose the marbles at random, you’d expect him to get 40 yellow and 20 blue on average.įor the example, we have Bob close his eyes, and he draws 60 marbles. You want to know whether or not he’s actually psychic or just getting lucky a few times, so you have him pick 60 marbles. Let’s say we have 300 marbles in a bag: 200 yellow, 100 blue.īob says he has psychic powers, and with his eyes closed, he says he can pull out more blue than yellow than normal. Just jot down whatever it is you consider to be expected when it comes to whatever you’re testing. Step One: Calculate Your Expected Results Did the hour actually matter? Or did you just have a bad week? That’s what P will let you see. Let’s say you go out an hour earlier for seven days, and each time you get between 4 and 8 fish. Depending on the value of P, you’ll be able to say something like, “With 95% confidence, the experiment in question had an effect.”įor example, let’s say every day you go fishing and catch anywhere from 5 to 9 fish a particular hour in the morning. The P value is a statistical measurement used in determining whether or not a hypothesis is correct. But the easiest, most common method-and the one we’ll look at right now-is using the chi-square. Just like calculating standard deviation, there are different ways of calculating the P Value. If you can add, subtract, multiply, and divide, you can find success when it comes to statistics.
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